APA Documentation Style   Tags: apa  

Author names . . .

• Place at the beginning of the citation.
• Include in reverse order (last name first).
• Abbreviate first and middle names.
• Use an ampersand (&) instead of the word and when separating multiple author names.

Examples:

Myers, W. D. [one author]

Burke, T. J., & Rocco, A. [two authors]

Paolini, C., Ellsworth, L., & Corcoran, M. K. [three authors]

Year of publication . . .

• Place in parentheses after the author name(s).
• Include a period after the closing parenthesis.

Examples:

(2011).

(1953).

(1994).

Sample Citations-in-Progress (steps 1-2 combined):

Bozof, R. P. (1972).

Kelly, M. E., & Nagel, J. (2002).

Chadwick, B. A., Albrecht, S. L., & Bahr, H. M. (1986).

Article title . . .

• Place after the year.
• Capitalize initial letter of first word of title plus all proper nouns. All other words remain in lower case.
• Capitalize initial letter of first word of subtitle plus all proper nouns. All other words remain in lower case.
• Include a period at the end of the full title.
• DO NOT use quotation marks.

Examples:

Interest in sport and sport participation of Iranian citizens.

Managing globalization: The case of elite basketball policy in the People's Republic of China.

Women sports journalists in Switzerland: Between assignment and negotiation of roles.

Sample Citations-in-Progress (steps 1-3 combined):

Bozof, R. P. (1972). Some Navaho attitudes toward available medical care.

Kelly, M. E., & Nagel, J. (2002). Ethnic re-identification: Lithuanian Americans and Native

          Americans.

Chadwick, B. A., Albrecht, S. L., & Bahr, H. M. (1986). Evaluation of an Indian student

          placement program.

Journal title . . .

• Place after the article title.
• Capitalize initial letter of all words in title except for conjunctions, prepositions, etc.
• Italicize title.
• Include a comma at the end of the title.

Examples:

African Journal of Business and Economic Research,

Current Issues in Economics and Finance,

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,

Sample Citations-in-Progress (steps 1-4 combined):

Bozof, R. P. (1972). Some Navaho attitudes toward available medical care. American

          Journal of Public Health,

Kelly, M. E., & Nagel, J. (2002). Ethnic re-identification: Lithuanian Americans and Native

          Americans. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies,

Chadwick, B. A., Albrecht, S. L., & Bahr, H. M. (1986). Evaluation of an Indian student

          placement program. Social Casework,

Volume and issue number . . .

• Place after the journal title.
• Enter the volume number.
• Enter a set of parentheses immediately after the volume number (WITHOUT a blank space after the volume number).
• Enter the issue number within the parentheses.
• Include a comma after the closing parenthesis.
• Italicize the volume number ONLY.
• If there is no issue number, then include only the italicized volume number followed by a comma.

Examples:

14(8),

30(2),

129, [no issue number]

Sample Citations-in-Progress (steps 1-5 combined):

Bozof, R. P. (1972). Some Navaho attitudes toward available medical care. American

          Journal of Public Health, 62(12),

Kelly, M. E., & Nagel, J. (2002). Ethnic re-identification: Lithuanian Americans and Native

          Americans. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28(2),

Chadwick, B. A., Albrecht, S. L., & Bahr, H. M. (1986). Evaluation of an Indian student

          placement program. Social Casework, 67(9),

Page numbers . . .

• Place after the volume/issue number.
• Enter the page range.
• Include a period after the page numbers.

Examples:

36-41.

198-219.

567-572.

Sample Citations-in-Progress (steps 1-6 combined):

Bozof, R. P. (1972). Some Navaho attitudes toward available medical care. American

          Journal of Public Health, 62(12), 1620-1624.

Kelly, M. E., & Nagel, J. (2002). Ethnic re-identification: Lithuanian Americans and Native

          Americans. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28(2), 275-289.

Chadwick, B. A., Albrecht, S. L., & Bahr, H. M. (1986). Evaluation of an Indian student

          placement program. Social Casework, 67(9), 515-524.

DOI number . . .

FYI: DOI stands for digital object identifier. It's a unique identifying tag specific to an individual article.

• Place after the page numbers.
• Enter the all-lowercase abbreviation "doi" immediately followed by a colon.
• Enter the DOI number immediately after the colon (WITHOUT a blank space after the colon).
• There is NO PUNCTUATION after the DOI number.

Examples:

doi:10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.041

doi:10.1023/A:1011195926367

doi:10.1186/1471-2431-10-78

Sample Citations-in-Progress (steps 1-6 combined + 7A):

Bozof, R. P. (1972). Some Navaho attitudes toward available medical care. American

          Journal of Public Health, 62(12), 1620-1624. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(03)00627-9

Kelly, M. E., & Nagel, J. (2002). Ethnic re-identification: Lithuanian Americans and Native

          Americans. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28(2), 275-289. doi:10.1112/a21

Chadwick, B. A., Albrecht, S. L., & Bahr, H. M. (1986). Evaluation of an Indian student

          placement program. Social Casework, 67(9), 515-524. doi:10.1016/scw.1986.67.09

No DOI number . . .

• Enter the phrase "Retrieved from" after the page numbers.
• After the foregoing phrase, enter the root website address for the database in which the article appears.
• DO NOT include the website address as a clickable hyperlink (i.e., it should be normal text).
• There is NO PUNCTUATION after the website address.

Examples:

Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com

Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/

Retrieved from http://www.lexisnexis.com/

Sample Citations-in-Progress (steps 1-6 combined + 7B):

Bozof, R. P. (1972). Some Navaho attitudes toward available medical care. American

          Journal of Public Health, 62(12), 1620-1624. Retrieved from

          http://web.ebscohost.com

Kelly, M. E., & Nagel, J. (2002). Ethnic re-identification: Lithuanian Americans and Native

          Americans. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 28(2), 275-289. Retrieved

          from http://journals.ohiolink.edu/ejc/index.cgi

Chadwick, B. A., Albrecht, S. L., & Bahr, H. M. (1986). Evaluation of an Indian student

          placement program. Social Casework, 67(9), 515-524. Retrieved from

          http://firstsearch.oclc.org